Winter driving tips from Consumer Reports’ experts

A man cleans snow off his car after heavy snowfall, in Montreal on Tuesday, Nov. 11, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Christopher Katsarov

Winter weather is hard on your vehicle and can make driving more dangerous. The Consumer Reports auto testers are all well acquainted with driving through the worst conditions that a New England winter can hurl at us.

The best way to stay ahead of plummeting temperatures and slippery roads is to make sure your car is properly prepared, and to reacquaint yourself with some basic winter driving skills.

Prepare before winter arrives

Check the battery. A car’s 12-volt battery will have only about half the cranking power at 0° F (about -18 C) that it has at 80° F (27 C). To make sure it’s healthy enough to work in the cold, you can have the battery tested at a service station, an auto parts store, or a repair shop. A tired battery may only need to be charged, but if it’s defective or old and just worn out, it’s best to replace it before it goes completely dead. Worst case: Be sure you know how to jump-start a car.

Replace wiper blades. Even the best-performing wiper blades start to lose their effectiveness after one year. In especially tough climates, they can need replacing in as little as six months. Streaks or missed expanses of glass are sure signs that the blades are ready for retirement. Sometimes, you can stretch their life by cleaning the rubber edge of the blade periodically with a paper towel and glass cleaner, but it isn’t safe to do that all winter long. Instead, get a new set of blades before the old ones become a problem. We recommend replacing wiper blades at least once a year. Most wiper blades are easy to install, and some stores will perform the replacement work free of charge, provided you buy the replacement inserts there.

Lubricate door locks. If you still use a key to get into your car, the lock cylinder can accumulate moisture and freeze during winter, locking you out. Use a silicone lubricant to clean the lock—most auto parts stores sell a special device that fits into the keyhole.

Check engine oil and coolant. Cold weather can beat up your engine, too. Motor oil thickens when cold, making it harder for the engine to turn over. Check your owner’s manual for the manufacturer’s recommended oil type. Generally, you should be using multi-viscosity oil that has a “W” in the viscosity index, signifying that it’s formulated for winter use. Typical formulas that are recommended for modern engines include 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30, which provide good oil flow at low temperatures and can often be used year-round. Whenever you have the oil changed, replace the oil filter as well to ensure the system has the maximum amount of flow.

While the car is in the shop, also have the radiator and heater hoses checked for cracks, leaks, or contamination from oil or grease. The hoses should be firm yet pliable when you squeeze them. Replace them if they feel brittle or overly soft.

Keep your coolant mixture topped off with a 50/50 ratio of antifreeze and water—most auto parts stores sell it premixed. This will prevent your coolant from freezing. Colder conditions and temperatures well below zero, however, can call for a 60/40 or 70/30 ratio. Under no circumstances should you use a higher antifreeze-to-water ratio than this.

Consider new tires. Spinning out in the snow and ending up in a ditch isn’t the best way to discover that your tires are worn out. If you’ve been waiting to pick up a new set of tires, don’t delay. Your safety depends on good tire traction, and winter-grade tires tend to be in short supply when the snow begins to fall.

If your area gets occasional snow, a new set of all-season tires should do the job. Look for a highly rated set that performed well in our snow-traction and ice-braking tests. Remember that it’s safest to replace all four tires at one time. If you live where snow and ice are ever-present, consider buying all-weather tires. These combine the advantages of all-season and dedicated winter tires, but without the need to change tires seasonally. Dedicated winter tires have tread patterns and rubber compounds designed to grip snow and ice for optimum traction on cold, slick roads, but they have a shorter tread life and generate more road noise than all-season tires. They can be mounted on inexpensive steel wheels, although these can cause the car’s tire pressure monitoring system to malfunction.

Even if your tires are in good shape, make sure you keep them properly inflated. Cold weather causes your tires to lose pressure because air contracts as the temperature drops. Also, make sure you know how to change a tire on your car.

Keep a roadside emergency kit in the car. This should include gloves, a blanket, a portable shovel, an ice scraper/snow brush, a flashlight, flares or a warning light, a safety triangle, a reflector vest, a basic first aid kit, a cell phone charger, and jumper cables. Also consider carrying a portable jump-starter. If you live in a place where it snows a lot, you should also pack an extra winter hat, extra clothing layers, a rain poncho, a bag of sand, and a full-sized snow shovel. (Learn more about winter preparedness kits.)

Know your roadside assistance options. Check with your car insurance or credit card companies to see whether they offer roadside assistance in an emergency. You might have a plan with your car’s manufacturer if it’s still new. Whatever the case, storing those numbers in your phone is a good way to make sure you can call for help quickly if you’re in a jam. You don’t want to be waiting for websites to load while your car is stuck nose-first in a snow bank.

Clean snow, ice, and salt grime from the car. Be sure to clear your vehicle’s hood, roof, trunk/liftgate, and windows before you drive, using a brush with soft bristles to avoid scratching the car’s paint. This will improve visibility and prevent large chunks from becoming airborne as you speed down the highway. Plus, ignoring your car’s snow load could cost you. In some areas, you can be fined you if you don’t clear the snow off before driving. Also, don’t forget to check your headlamps and taillights; they could be covered in snow, ice, or road salt, reducing their effectiveness.

Don’t let the gas tank get low. Keeping a half tank or more of gas limits the moisture that can condensate in the tank. It also means you’re well positioned to tough out an unexpected traffic jam or survive being stuck in the snow.

Use winter-grade windshield cleaner. These are specially formulated to stay fluid, even in the coldest weather. Slick roads are often treated with a salty solution, salt crystals, and/or sand to provide traction. This “wintry mix” can really hurt your visibility when it’s splashed onto your windshield, especially when you’re driving into the sun. Check that your car has enough wiper fluid, and even keep an extra bottle in the trunk in case you run out.

How to drive in winter conditions

Plan ahead. Check the weather report before you drive anywhere, and plan your route. This way, you can avoid steep hills and places that are likely to be dangerous or congested when conditions deteriorate. Only drive in the snow if it’s completely necessary. Even if your car is equipped with winter tires and all-wheel drive, there’s still more risk than if the road is dry.

Accelerate slowly to reduce wheel spin. If you’re starting from a standstill on slick snow or ice, start in second gear if you have a manual transmission or gear-selectable automatic. This makes the vehicle less likely to spin the tires. Ease into the accelerator pedal—don’t mash it.

Reduce your speed and drive smoothly. The key to maintaining tire grip on slippery roads is to drive as smoothly as possible, avoiding sudden acceleration, braking, or sharp turns. Drive much more slowly than normal so that you have extra time to react. Try to accelerate, turn, and brake as separate actions rather than in combination, like you might in normal conditions. CR’s expert advice: Drive as if you have a full cup of coffee on the dashboard and don’t want it to spill.

Allow longer braking distances. Start braking sooner than you would in dry conditions to give yourself extra room when it’s slippery, using gentle pressure on the brake pedal. Don’t lock your wheels when braking, which can make the vehicle slide. If you have an older vehicle without an antilock braking system (ABS), you may need to gently apply the brakes repeatedly in a pulsing motion to avoid locking up the wheels. If your vehicle has ABS, simply depress the brake pedal firmly and hold it down. The shuddering sounds and pulsating pedal feeling are normal. Don’t lift off the brake. That’s just the system doing its job.

Steer into a slide. When your car’s rear end begins to slide during a turn, gently let up on the accelerator and turn the steering wheel in the direction that the car is sliding. This will help you straighten out. If your car is sliding straight ahead when you’re trying to make a turn, your initial reaction might be to keep turning the wheel. That could hurt more than help. Instead, lift gently off either the accelerator pedal or the brake and straighten the wheel, which gives your tires a chance to regain grip.

Don’t let all-wheel drive give you a false sense of security. Despite what many drivers think, vehicles with engine power at all four wheels can still slide on slick surfaces, especially when turning and braking. All-wheel-drive vehicles certainly have extra traction when accelerating, but there is no advantage while braking or cornering.

Be extra wary of other motorists. They may not be driving as cautiously as you, so leave extra space, avoid distractions, and be predictable. Signal clearly ahead of any turns or lane changes. If you feel you’re being pushed from behind by someone wanting to go faster, pull over and let them pass you.

Don’t pass the snow plows. Even though you may feel impatient, let these slow-moving trucks do their job. The road is likely more treacherous in front of the plows, and you run the risk of sliding in the deeper snow or slush in between the lanes as you accelerate to pass them. And don’t follow too closely—you might wind up with a cracked windshield from flying salt, sand, and pebbles.

Winter considerations for EVs

Schedule preconditioning in advance. Cold weather is tough on electric vehicles, but you can mitigate its affect with a little planning. Preconditioning an EV will help heat the battery to an optimal operating temperature, which will extend your driving range and overall battery life. While the EV is plugged in and charging, either from the driver’s seat or via app, find the option to set a departure time or warm up the interior. In addition to using power from the charger—rather than the battery—preconditioning will bring the cabin to a more comfortable temperature for when it’s time to drive.

Keep the battery charged and raise the charging limit. You may typically limit your car’s charge level to 80 percent to extend your battery’s lifespan. But if you know you’re going to be driving in very cold weather, you can extend driving range by raising the limit to account for the extra juice siphoned off by the car’s heater, wipers, and other accessories. Keeping the battery charged will also help keep it warm.

Use seat and steering wheel heaters. Seat and steering wheel heaters are a more efficient way to keep yourself warm. Doing so will allow you to run the HVAC system at a lower temperature, which should make the battery last longer.

Slow down and use “Eco” mode. If you’re driving in snow, the car’s traction motors will have to work harder. Driving slower in bad conditions is good practice from a safety perspective, but it can also save battery charge. If your car has an economy or efficiency driving mode, use it.

Protect the charging plug. If you charge your car outdoors, consider buying a charging plug protector to keep the plug from freezing into the car’s charging port. There is a wide variety of models available, most consisting of a small hood or miniature tent that attaches to the side of your car with magnets to keep snow, ice, and moisture away from the connector. You can find them on Amazon and other online marketplaces for as little as a few dollars.

What to do if you get stuck in snow

Try to shovel out a path. With the front wheels straight, rock the car by shifting between Drive and Reverse and applying light throttle. Shift directions the second the wheels start spinning. Spread sand in your tracks. Once freed, keep going until you reach secure footing.

If the car isn’t moving, don’t spin the wheels. They’ll just dig deeper into the snow. You may need to jack up the car to put a traction aid under the drive wheels, but make sure the jack is on firm ground. You can use sand, cat litter, twigs, weeds, planks, and even your car’s floor mats or trunk liner. Make sure others stand clear before you apply power.

By Jon Linkov, Autos Editor, and Jeff S. Bartlett, Managing Editor - Autos, Consumer Reports